there are still coal powerplants around and any replacement is better. geothermal doesn’t work everywhere

Coal ash (from some mines) contains so much uranium that if emissions like this were detected near NPP all hell would break loose, but nobody cares. Energy content of that uranium can be higher than what was released during coal combustion

it replaces gas turbine with a fuel cell, which is a good couple % more efficient than CCGT. still under development. there is also another variant where hot offgas is generated under pressure and expanded directly. no steam, same effect

there is a power generation scheme that uses high temperature fuel cells. optimally it could run on hydrogen only, but because it runs hot, it is able to take almost any flammable gas, along with some steam, and it forms hydrogen internally, then oxidizes it. this alone generates bulk of electricity, but offgas is hot, so it goes to heat exchanger which boils water, which then turns steam turbine

the man who decided to end german nuclear power production getting a seat in gazprom doesn’t inspire confidence in reality-based discussion of this subject

they also last decades and are cheap to run with extremely low carbon emissions

most of costs are costs of construction. french and koreans don’t seem discouraged and some plants in japan and china were built under budget. finland energy supply has large fraction of nuclear and they have extremely cheap electricity

oops all Brassica

This is why i always place all important info in Supplementary Information which is almost always free of charge. except on sciencedirect. fuck them

Not really, there are also polyesters and polyamides. These used here are hydrocarbons, and turns out there’s a tool for that. You see, in oil refining there’s a lot of stuff manufactured that it’s useless without further processing, as in, after distillation and vacuum distillation you might end up with half of weight of oil or more as asphalt or heavy oils that barely can be sold. So in order to make them useful, these products are broken down into smaller molecules, and then are separated again. What they’re doing is similar to process called hydrocracking that is commonly used to turn heavy vacuum distillates, think something like motor oil or other greases, to diesel

there was a time when anthropic models would refuse any question related to medicine. not because they care that hard, mind you. it’s because that bloated startup is ran by cultists and they were worried that chatbot will come up with a bioweapon

if you do that you have bigger problems

only if you take notes

this advice is specifically about sulfuric acid. it’s denser than water, so if added to it it will sink diluting itself along the way, while also heating water around and making it float to the surface. if done opposite way, water won’t mix immediately because of large density difference so neutralizatio heat will be deposited on surface between these two boiling water and throwing acid around. this matters less with other acids because less heat is deposited, and in some cases acid is less dense than water. but if you stir the acid quickly, you can do it either way as long as you control temperature. this also is the case when you need to mix two different acids

tldr you can do whatever you want as long as you know what are you doing

e: i’ve checked and heat of dilution is greatest for sulfuric acid, liquid HF is similar per gram, gaseous HCl and HBr are half of that per mol, other common acids 5-10x less esp as aqueous solutions and not neat. also the same happens when diluting acids with other solvents, like alcohols or ethers, these might be even worse because they boil at lower temperature

technically pv panels are also heat engines. this is why they need cooling

the steam part is in the rest of hydrological cycle

If one were to make hydrogen producing solar farm specifically, this could have made sense if there were efficiency gains compared to pv + electrolyser. But there ain’t, and from what i understand won’t be

Ye i’ve seen that before. Perennial problem with this aporoach is that efficiency is capped below what pv panel can get and also now instead of wiring you need to install purified water + hydrogen plumbing. Also while you just can use only excess of generation for electrolysis, this is always on

i heard a story about varnish factory that failed quality checks after one old guy got fired, he was a smoker and used to spit in the main reactor. some enzyme from saliva made it shinier